Isotopen van renium
Het chemisch element renium (Re), met een atoommassa van 186,207(1) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 185Re, met een abundantie van ongeveer 37,4%. Deze isotoop wordt ervan verdacht via α-verval te vervallen tot de stabiele isotoop 181Ta. Daarnaast komt in de natuur ook de radio-isotoop 187Re voor, die een halfwaardetijd van 41 miljard jaar bezit en tevens de meest voorkomende isotoop van dit element is (ongeveer 62,4%). Ook indium en telluur vertonen dit verschijnsel.
Renium-187 is ook een primordiaal radionuclide, dat in de geochronologie wordt gebruikt in de renium-osmiumdatering van zeer oude gesteenten. De overige 32 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van renium is 160Re, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 860 microseconden. De langstlevende is 187Re, met een halfwaardetijd van 41 miljard jaar.
Overzicht
bewerken| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 160Re | 75 | 85 | 159,98212(43) | 860(120) µs | p (91%) | 159W | (2−) | ||
| α (9%) | 156Ta | ||||||||
| 161Re | 75 | 86 | 160,97759(22) | 0,37(4) ms | p | 160W | 1/2+ | ||
| 161mRe | 123,8(13) keV | 15,6(9) ms | α | 157Ta | 11/2− | ||||
| 162Re | 75 | 87 | 161,97600(22) | 107(13) ms | α (94%) | 158Ta | (2−) | ||
| β+ (6%) | 162W | ||||||||
| 162mRe | 173(10) keV | 77(9) ms | α (91%) | 158Ta | (9+) | ||||
| β+ (9%) | 162W | ||||||||
| 163Re | 75 | 88 | 162,972081(21) | 390(70) ms | β+ (68%) | 163W | (1/2+) | ||
| α (32%) | 159Ta | ||||||||
| 163mRe | 115(4) keV | 214(5) ms | α (66%) | 159Ta | (11/2−) | ||||
| β+ (34%) | 163W | ||||||||
| 164Re | 75 | 89 | 163,97032(17) | 0,53(23) s | α (58%) | 160Ta | |||
| β+ (42%) | 164W | ||||||||
| 164mRe | 120(120) keV | 530(230) ms | 2− | ||||||
| 165Re | 75 | 90 | 164,967089(30) | 1 s | β+ | 165W | 1/2+ | ||
| α | 161Ta | ||||||||
| 165mRe | 47(26) keV | 2,1(3) s | β+ (87%) | 165W | 11/2− | ||||
| α (13%) | 161Ta | ||||||||
| 166Re | 75 | 91 | 165,96581(9) | 2 s | β+ | 166W | 2− | ||
| α | 162Ta | ||||||||
| 167Re | 75 | 92 | 166,96260(6) | 3,4(4) s | α | 163Ta | 9/2− | ||
| β+ | 167W | ||||||||
| 167mRe | 130(40) keV | 5,9(3) s | β+ (99,3%) | 167W | 1/2+ | ||||
| α (0,7%) | 163Ta | ||||||||
| 168Re | 75 | 93 | 167,96157(3) | 4,4(1) s | β+ (99,99%) | 168W | (5+, 6+, 7+) | ||
| α (0,005%) | 164Ta | ||||||||
| 168mRe | non-exist | 6,6(15) s | |||||||
| 169Re | 75 | 94 | 168,95879(3) | 8,1(5) s | β+ (99,99%) | 169W | 9/2− | ||
| α (0,005%) | 165Ta | ||||||||
| 169mRe | 145(29) keV | 15,1(15) s | β+ (99,8%) | 169W | 1/2+ | ||||
| α (0,2%) | 164Ta | ||||||||
| 170Re | 75 | 95 | 169,958220(28) | 9,2(2) s | β+ (99,99%) | 170W | (5+) | ||
| α (0,01%) | 166Ta | ||||||||
| 171Re | 75 | 96 | 170,95572(3) | 15,2(4) s | β+ | 171W | (9/2−) | ||
| 172Re | 75 | 97 | 171,95542(6) | 15(3) s | β+ | 172W | (5) | ||
| 172mRe | 0(100) keV | 55(5) s | β+ | 172W | (2) | ||||
| 173Re | 75 | 98 | 172,95324(3) | 1,98(26) min | β+ | 173W | (5/2−) | ||
| 174Re | 75 | 99 | 173,95312(3) | 2,40(4) min | β+ | 174W | |||
| 175Re | 75 | 100 | 174,95138(3) | 5,89(5) min | β+ | 175W | (5/2−) | ||
| 176Re | 75 | 101 | 175,95162(3) | 5,3(3) min | β+ | 176W | 3+ | ||
| 177Re | 75 | 102 | 176,95033(3) | 14(1) min | β+ | 177W | 5/2− | ||
| 177mRe | 84,71(10) keV | 50(10) µs | 5/2+ | ||||||
| 178Re | 75 | 103 | 177,95099(3) | 13,2(2) min | β+ | 178W | (3+) | ||
| 179Re | 75 | 104 | 178,949988(26) | 19,5(1) min | β+ | 179W | 5/2+ | ||
| 179m1Re | 65,39(9) keV | 95(25) µs | (5/2−) | ||||||
| 179m2Re | 1684,59(14)+Y keV | > 0,4 µs | (23/2+) | ||||||
| 180Re | 75 | 105 | 179,950789(23) | 2,44(6) min | β+ | 180W | 1− | ||
| 181Re | 75 | 106 | 180,950068(14) | 19,9(7) uur | β+ | 181W | 5/2+ | ||
| 182Re | 75 | 107 | 181,95121(11) | 64,0(5) uur | β+ | 182W | 7+ | ||
| 182m1Re | 60(100) keV | 12,7(2) uur | β+ | 182W | 2+ | ||||
| 182m2Re | 235,736(10) keV | 585(21) ns | 2− | ||||||
| 182m3Re | 461,3(1)+X keV | 0,78(9) µs | (4−) | ||||||
| 183Re | 75 | 108 | 182,950820(9) | 70,0(14) dagen | EV | 183W | 5/2+ | ||
| 183mRe | 1907,6(3) keV | 1,04(4) ms | IT | 183Re | (25/2+) | ||||
| 184Re | 75 | 109 | 183,952521(5) | 38,0(5) dagen | β+ | 184W | 3− | ||
| 184mRe | 188,01(4) keV | 169(8) dagen | IT (75,4%) | 184Re | 8+ | ||||
| β+ (24,6%) | 184W | ||||||||
| 185Re | 75 | 110 | 184,9529550(13) | stabiel | 5/2+ | 0,3740(2) | |||
| 185mRe | 2124(2) keV | 123(23) ns | (21/2) | ||||||
| 186Re | 75 | 111 | 185,9549861(13) | 3,7186(5) dagen | β− (93,1%) | 186Os | 1− | ||
| EV (6,9%) | 186W | ||||||||
| 186mRe | 149(7) keV | 2,0(5) × 105 jaar | IT (90%) | 186Re | (8+) | ||||
| β− (10%) | 186Os | ||||||||
| 187Re | 75 | 112 | 186,9557531(15) | 41,2(2) × 109 jaar | β− (99,99%) | 187Os | 5/2+ | 0,6260(2) | |
| α (10−4%) | 183Ta | ||||||||
| 188Re | 75 | 113 | 187,9581144(15) | 17,0040(22) uur | β− | 188Os | 1− | ||
| 188mRe | 172,069(9) keV | 18,59(4) min | IT | 188Re | 6− | ||||
| 189Re | 75 | 114 | 188,959229(9) | 24,3(4) uur | β− | 189Os | 5/2+ | ||
| 190Re | 75 | 115 | 189,96182(16) | 3,1(3) min | β− | 190Os | 2− | ||
| 190mRe | 210(50) keV | 3,2(2) uur | β− (54,4%) | 190Os | (6−) | ||||
| IT (45,6%) | 190Re | ||||||||
| 191Re | 75 | 116 | 190,963125(11) | 9,8(5) min | β− | 191Os | (3/2+, 1/2+) | ||
| 192Re | 75 | 117 | 191,96596(21) | 16(1) s | β− | 192Os | |||
| 193Re | 75 | 118 | 192,96747(21) | 30 s | 5/2+ | ||||
| 194Re | 75 | 119 | 193,97042(32) | 2 s | |||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
bewerken| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859