Isotopen van ytterbium
Het chemisch element ytterbium (Yb), met een atoommassa van 173,04(3) u, bezit 7 stabiele isotopen: 168Yb, 170Yb, 171Yb, 172Yb, 173Yb, 174Yb en 176Yb, waarvan de voorlaatste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 32%). De 26 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde). Alle stabiele isotopen worden ervan verdacht via α-verval te vervallen tot isotopen van erbium, maar dit verval is nog nooit waargenomen. Bovendien is de halfwaardetijd van dit verval steeds miljoenen tot miljarden malen groter dan de leeftijd van het universum, waardoor de isotopen als stabiel mogen beschouwd worden.
De kortstlevende isotoop van ytterbium is 148Yb, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 250 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 169Yb, met een halfwaardetijd van 32,026 dagen.
Overzicht
bewerken| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 148Yb | 70 | 78 | 147,96742(64) | 250 ms | β+ | 148Tm | 0+ | ||
| 149Yb | 70 | 79 | 148,96404(54) | 0,7(2) s | β+ | 149Tm | (1/2+, 3/2+) | ||
| 150Yb | 70 | 80 | 149,95842(43) | 700 ms | β+ | 150Tm | 0+ | ||
| 151Yb | 70 | 81 | 150,95540(32) | 1,6(5) s | β+ | 151Tm | (1/2+) | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 150Er | ||||||||
| 151m1Yb | 750(100) keV | 1,6(5) s | β+ | 151Tm | (11/2−) | ||||
| β+, p (zelden) | 150Er | ||||||||
| 151m2Yb | 1790(500) keV | 2,6(7) µs | 19/2− | ||||||
| 151m3Yb | 2450(500) keV | 20(1) µs | 27/2− | ||||||
| 152Yb | 70 | 82 | 151,95029(22) | 3,04(6) s | β+ | 152Tm | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 151Er | ||||||||
| 153Yb | 70 | 83 | 152,94948(21) | 4,2(2) s | α (50%) | 149Er | 7/2− | ||
| β+ (50%) | 153Tm | ||||||||
| β+, p (0,008%) | 152Er | ||||||||
| 153mYb | 2700(100) keV | 15(1) µs | (27/2−) | ||||||
| 154Yb | 70 | 84 | 153,946394(19) | 0,409(2) s | α (92,8%) | 150Er | 0+ | ||
| β+ (7,119%) | 154Tm | ||||||||
| 155Yb | 70 | 85 | 154,945782(18) | 1,793(19) s | α (89%) | 151Er | (7/2−) | ||
| β+ (11%) | 155Tm | ||||||||
| 156Yb | 70 | 86 | 155,942818(12) | 26,1(7) s | β+ (90%) | 156Tm | 0+ | ||
| α (10%) | 152Er | ||||||||
| 157Yb | 70 | 87 | 156,942628(11) | 38,6(10) s | β+ (99,5%) | 157Tm | 7/2− | ||
| α (0,5%) | 153Er | ||||||||
| 158Yb | 70 | 88 | 157,939866(9) | 1,49(13) min | β+ (99,99%) | 158Tm | 0+ | ||
| α (0,0021%) | 154Er | ||||||||
| 159Yb | 70 | 89 | 158,94005(2) | 1,67(9) min | β+ | 159Tm | 5/2− | ||
| 160Yb | 70 | 90 | 159,937552(18) | 4,8(2) min | β+ | 160Tm | 0+ | ||
| 161Yb | 70 | 91 | 160,937902(17) | 4,2(2) min | β+ | 161Tm | 3/2− | ||
| 162Yb | 70 | 92 | 161,935768(17) | 18,87(19) min | β+ | 162Tm | 0+ | ||
| 163Yb | 70 | 93 | 162,936334(17) | 11,05(25) min | β+ | 163Tm | 3/2− | ||
| 164Yb | 70 | 94 | 163,934489(17) | 75,8(17) min | EV | 164Tm | 0+ | ||
| 165Yb | 70 | 95 | 164,93528(3) | 9,9(3) min | β+ | 165Tm | 5/2− | ||
| 166Yb | 70 | 96 | 165,933882(9) | 56,7(1) uur | EV | 166Tm | 0+ | ||
| 167Yb | 70 | 97 | 166,934950(5) | 17,5(2) min | β+ | 167Tm | 5/2− | ||
| 168Yb | 70 | 98 | 167,933897(5) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0013(1) | |||
| 169Yb | 70 | 99 | 168,935190(5) | 32,026(5) dagen | EV | 169Tm | 7/2+ | ||
| 169mYb | 24,199(3) keV | 46(2) s | IT | 169Yb | 1/2− | ||||
| 170Yb | 70 | 100 | 169,9347618(26) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0304(15) | |||
| 170mYb | 1258,46(14) keV | 370(15) ns | 4− | ||||||
| 171Yb | 70 | 101 | 170,9363258(26) | stabiel | 1/2- | 0,1428(57) | |||
| 171m1Yb | 95,282(2) keV | 5,25(24) ms | IT | 171Yb | 7/2+ | ||||
| 171m2Yb | 122,416(2) keV | 265(20) ns | 5/2− | ||||||
| 172Yb | 70 | 102 | 171,9363815(26) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,2183(67) | |||
| 173Yb | 70 | 103 | 172,9382108(26) | stabiel | 5/2- | 0,1613(27) | |||
| 173mYb | 398,9(5) keV | 2,9(1) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
| 174Yb | 70 | 104 | 173,9388621(26) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,3183(92) | |||
| 175Yb | 70 | 105 | 174,9412765(26) | 4,185(1) dagen | β− | 175Lu | 7/2− | ||
| 175mYb | 514,865(4) keV | 68,2(3) ms | 1/2− | ||||||
| 176Yb | 70 | 106 | 175,9425717(28) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,1276(41) | |||
| 176mYb | 1050,0(3) keV | 11,4(3) s | 8− | ||||||
| 177Yb | 70 | 107 | 176,9452608(28) | 1,911(3) uur | β− | 177Lu | (9/2+) | ||
| 177mYb | 331,5(3) keV | 6,41(2) s | IT | 177Yb | (1/2−) | ||||
| 178Yb | 70 | 108 | 177,946647(11) | 74(3) min | β− | 178Lu | 0+ | ||
| 179Yb | 70 | 109 | 178,95017(32) | 8,0(4) min | β− | 179Lu | (1/2−) | ||
| 180Yb | 70 | 110 | 179,95233(43) | 2,4(5) min | β− | 180Lu | 0+ | ||
| 181Yb | 70 | 111 | 180,95615(43) | 1 min | β− | 181Lu | 3/2− | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
bewerken| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859