Isotopen van telluur
Het chemisch element telluur (Te), met een atoommassa van 127,60(3) u, bezit 6 stabiele isotopen: 120Te, 122Te, 123Te, 124Te, 125Te en 126Te. Het meest abundante nuclide is echter het radioactieve telluur-130. De 31 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van telluur is 105Te, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 1 microseconde. De langstlevende is 128Te, met een halfwaardetijd van 2,2 quadriljoen jaar. Dit nuclide bezit de langste halfwaardetijd van alle bekende radioactieve nucliden. De op een na langstlevende isotoop is 130Te, met een halfwaardetijd van 790 triljoen jaar.
Telluur is het lichtste element waarbij alfaverval regelmatig wordt vastgesteld. Lichtere element kunnen dit type radioactief verval ondergaan, maar dit gebeurt slechts sporadisch.
Overzicht
bewerken| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 105Te | 52 | 53 | 104,94364(54) | 1 µs | 5/2+ | ||||
| 106Te | 52 | 54 | 105,93750(14) | 70(20) µs | α | 102Sn | 0+ | ||
| 107Te | 52 | 55 | 106,93501(32) | 3,1(1) ms | α (70%) | 103Sn | 5/2+ | ||
| β+ (30%) | 107Sb | ||||||||
| 108Te | 52 | 56 | 107,92944(11) | 2,1(1) s | β+ (51%) | 108Sb | 0+ | ||
| α (49%) | 104Sn | ||||||||
| β+, p (2,4%) | 108Sb | ||||||||
| β+, α (0,065%) | 104In | ||||||||
| 109Te | 52 | 57 | 108,92742(7) | 4,6(3) s | β+ (86,99%) | 109Sb | (5/2+) | ||
| β+, p (9,4%) | 108Sn | ||||||||
| α (7,9%) | 105Sn | ||||||||
| β+, α (0,005%) | 105In | ||||||||
| 110Te | 52 | 58 | 109,92241(6) | 18,6(8) s | β+ (99,99%) | 110Sb | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (0,003%) | 109Sn | ||||||||
| 111Te | 52 | 59 | 110,92111(8) | 19,3(4) s | β+ | 111Sb | 5/2+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 110Sn | ||||||||
| 112Te | 52 | 60 | 111,91701(18) | 2,0(2) min | β+ | 112Sb | 0+ | ||
| 113Te | 52 | 61 | 112,91589(3) | 1,7(2) min | β+ | 113Sb | (7/2+) | ||
| 114Te | 52 | 62 | 113,91209(3) | 15,2(7) min | β+ | 114Sb | 0+ | ||
| 115Te | 52 | 63 | 114,91190(3) | 5,8(2) min | β+ | 115Sb | 7/2+ | ||
| 115m1Te | 10(7) keV | 6,7(4) min | β+ | 115Sb | 1/2+ | ||||
| IT | 115Te | ||||||||
| 115m2Te | 280,05(20) keV | 7,5(2) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 116Te | 52 | 64 | 115,90846(3) | 2,49(4) uur | β+ | 116Sb | 0+ | ||
| 117Te | 52 | 65 | 116,908645(14) | 62(2) min | β+ | 117Sb | 1/2+ | ||
| 117mTe | 296,1(5) keV | 103(3) ms | IT | 117Te | (11/2−) | ||||
| 118Te | 52 | 66 | 117,905828(16) | 6,00(2) d | EV | 118Sb | 0+ | ||
| 119Te | 52 | 67 | 118,906404(9) | 16,05(5) uur | β+ | 119Sb | 1/2+ | ||
| 119mTe | 260,96(5) keV | 4,70(4) dagen | β+ (99,99%) | 119Sb | 11/2− | ||||
| IT (0,008%) | 119Te | ||||||||
| 120Te | 52 | 68 | 119,90402(1) | stabiel | 0+ | 9(1) × 10−4 | |||
| 121Te | 52 | 69 | 120,904936(28) | 19,16(5) dagen | β+ | 121Sb | 1/2+ | ||
| 121mTe | 293,991(22) keV | 154(7) dagen | IT (88,6%) | 121Te | 11/2− | ||||
| β+ (11,4%) | 121Sb | ||||||||
| 122Te | 52 | 70 | 121,9030439(16) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0255(12) | |||
| 123Te | 52 | 71 | 122,9042700(16) | stabiel | 1/2+ | 0,0089(3) | |||
| 123mTe | 247,47(4) keV | 119,2(1) dagen | IT | 123Te | 11/2− | ||||
| 124Te | 52 | 72 | 123,9028179(16) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0474(14) | |||
| 125Te | 52 | 73 | 124,9044307(16) | stabiel | 1/2+ | 0,0707(15) | |||
| 125mTe | 144,772(9) keV | 57,40(15) dagen | IT | 125Te | 11/2− | ||||
| 126Te | 52 | 74 | 125,9033117(16) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,1884(25) | |||
| 127Te | 52 | 75 | 126,9052263(16) | 9,35(7) uur | β− | 127I | 3/2+ | ||
| 127mTe | 88,26(8) keV | 109(2) dagen | IT (97,6%) | 127Te | 11/2− | ||||
| β− (2,4%) | 127I | ||||||||
| 128Te | 52 | 76 | 127,9044631(19) | 2,2(3) × 1024 jaar | β−β− | 128Xe | 0+ | 0,3174(8) | |
| 128mTe | 2790,7(4) keV | 370(30) ns | 10+ | ||||||
| 129Te | 52 | 77 | 128,9065982(19) | 69,6(3) min | β− | 129I | 3/2+ | ||
| 129mTe | 105,50(5) keV | 33,6(1) dagen | 11/2− | ||||||
| 130Te | 52 | 78 | 129,9062244(21) | 790(100) × 1018 jaar | β−β− | 130Xe | 0+ | 0,3408(62) | |
| 130m1Te | 2146,41(4) keV | 115(8) ns | 7− | ||||||
| 130m2Te | 2661(7) keV | 1,90(8) µs | (10+) | ||||||
| 130m3Te | 4375,4(18) keV | 261(33) ns | |||||||
| 131Te | 52 | 79 | 130,9085239(21) | 25,0(1) min | β− | 131I | 3/2+ | ||
| 131mTe | 182,250(20) keV | 30(2) uur | β− (77,8%) | 131I | 11/2− | ||||
| IT (22,2%) | 131Te | ||||||||
| 132Te | 52 | 80 | 131,908553(7) | 3,204(13) dagen | β− | 132I | 0+ | ||
| 133Te | 52 | 81 | 132,910955(26) | 12,5(3) min | β− | 133I | (3/2+) | ||
| 133mTe | 334,26(4) keV | 55,4(4) min | β− (82,5%) | 133I | (11/2−) | ||||
| IT (17,5%) | 133Te | ||||||||
| 134Te | 52 | 82 | 133,911369(11) | 41,8(8) min | β− | 134I | 0+ | ||
| 134mTe | 1691,34(16) keV | 164,1(9) ns | 6+ | ||||||
| 135Te | 52 | 83 | 134,91645(10) | 19,0(2) s | β− | 135I | (7/2−) | ||
| 135mTe | 1554,88(17) keV | 510(20) ns | (19/2−) | ||||||
| 136Te | 52 | 84 | 135,92010(5) | 17,63(8) s | β− (98,7%) | 136I | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (1,3%) | 135I | ||||||||
| 137Te | 52 | 85 | 136,92532(13) | 2,49(5) s | β− (97,01%) | 137I | 3/2- | ||
| β−, n (2,99%) | 136I | ||||||||
| 138Te | 52 | 86 | 137,92922(22) | 1,4(4) s | β− (93,7%) | 138I | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (6,3%) | 137I | ||||||||
| 139Te | 52 | 87 | 138,93473(43) | 500 ms | β− | 139I | 5/2− | ||
| β−, n | 138I | ||||||||
| 140Te | 52 | 88 | 139,93885(32) | 300 ms | β− | 140I | 0+ | ||
| β−, n | 139I | ||||||||
| 141Te | 52 | 89 | 140,94465(43) | 100 ms | β− | 141I | 5/2− | ||
| β−, n | 140I | ||||||||
| 142Te | 52 | 90 | 141,94908(64) | 50 ms | β− | 142I | 0+ | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
bewerken| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859